By Meagan Weymes, Agence France-Presse
DILI: East Timor’s voters went to the polls Saturday in parliamentary elections seen as a key test for the young and fragile democracy and likely to determine if UN peacekeepers can leave by the end of the year.
Polls opened at 7:00 am (2200 GMT Friday) and voting continued until 3:00 pm for some 645,000 registered voters, with authorities saying the elections had been peaceful.
There have been concerns that violence could re-ignite in the energy-rich but underdeveloped state if, as predicted, none of the 21 parties wins a parliamentary majority and a fragile coalition takes power.
Presidential polls that were held over two rounds in March and April, however, passed off peacefully.
The United Nations sees Saturday’s elections — and their aftermath — as the last big test that will decide whether its remaining 1,300 peacekeepers and other security staff can withdraw as planned within six months.
“I’d like to congratulate the citizens of Timor-Leste (East Timor) who in a free way cast their vote. It was a very peaceful and safe day,” said Luis Carrilho, commissioner of the United Nations Police (UNPOL).
National police chief Longuinhos Monteiro also said “everything went well” during voting, and that his force would remain vigilant until the formation of a government next month.
“From now forward, until the forming of a government we will still execute our operation plan to make sure we guarantee the stability and tranquillity of our people,” he told reporters.
Following the end of Portuguese rule in 1975, East Timor was occupied by Indonesia for 24 years. Some 183,000 people died from fighting, disease and starvation before the half-island state voted for independence in 1999.
The country has offshore fields of oil and natural gas and its Petroleum Fund has swelled to $10 billion, but corruption is endemic.
Half of East Timor’s 1.1 million people are officially classified as living in poverty, posing the main challenge for the future government.
“I want the government to look after infrastructure and improve healthcare for the people,” said Martinho Afonso, a 55-year-old farmer, as he cast his ballot in the Dili suburb of Farol.
“Things need to improve for the poor people in rural areas, where people have no home, no electricity, no water,” he said.
The left-wing Fretilin party, which is synonymous with the pro-independence struggle, has campaigned on a populist platform of spending oil revenues to lift income and education levels.
The centre-left National Congress for Timorese Reconstruction (CNRT) is promoting longer-term investment on major infrastructure projects such as roads, electricity and water.
CNRT leader Xanana Gusmao, a charismatic figure and a resistance hero during the struggle for independence, is fighting to stay on as prime minister.
The elections and their outcome test whether East Timor, which celebrated a decade of formal independence in May, is ready to take on its own security.
A 450-strong International Stabilisation Force (ISF) — made up of troops from New Zealand and Australia — is also awaiting the outcome of the poll before finalising a pullout.
The United Nations Integrated Mission in East Timor (UNMIT) — with a total current military, police and civilian force of about 3,000 — was deployed in 2006, after a political crisis in which dozens were killed and tens of thousands displaced, with a mandate to restore security.
The only major violence since then was a failed assassination attempt in 2008 on then president Jose Ramos-Horta, the Nobel peace laureate who lost to Taur Matan Ruak in the recent presidential election.
Fretilin, which received the largest number of votes in 2007 but failed to form a coalition, has dismissed any talk of working with the CNRT on forming a post-election government.
“Fretilin should win, and I believe that even if we don’t Fretilin will still have a political role in the future,” said party president Francisco Guterres, popularly known as “Lu Olo,” after casting his ballot.
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